熔体处理对压力罐用铝材力学性能的影响

摘要

The effect of melt-treatment techniques on the mechanical properties of the aluminum sheet (or called “aluminum piece”) used for pressure cans is studied with aids of tensile testing at room or high temperatures and SEM analyses of the morphologies of tensile fracture. It has been found from the study that main metallurgical defects (such as inclusions, porosity, etc.) in aluminum piece are the key factors of making the mechanical properties of the material not be brought into full play, and also the main sources resulting in fracture of the material. High efficient treatment of molten aluminum can improve the mechanical properties (especially plasticity) of the material remarkably. For this reason, using lower grade commercial purity raw aluminum for production of aluminum piece is feasible.%通过室温与高温拉伸试验及断口形貌的SEM分析，探讨了不同熔体处理对压力罐用铝材（简称“铝原块”）力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，铝原块的主要冶金缺陷（夹杂物、气孔等）是其力学性能难以充分发挥的关键限制因素，是材料断裂破坏的主要根源；高效熔体处理技术能显著提高铝原块的强度和塑性，尤其是塑性，如铸态及退火态时伸长率比未处理的分别提高了64.7％、53.8％；采用较低品级的工业纯铝生产铝原块是可行的。