两种非常规探测资料在天气预报中的应用

摘要

Two kinds of unconventional detection data from GPS and automatic weather stations and the role in weather forecast are analyzed. The result shows that the unconventional data can compensate the defects for conventional detection data in temporal and spatial scales. There is good corresponding relation between the time evolution characteristics of GPS/MET data and rainfall, and the distribution characteristics of precipitation are different for different weather systems, different types of precipitation and in different seasons, which can be used as important references for precipitation process analysis and short-time forecasting and warning. Automatic weather station data are useful and important in analyzing the strength, scope, the maintain time, and evolution characteristics of meso- and micro-scale weather systems in local rainfall forecasting and warning.%分析了GPS水汽和中尺度自动气象站两种非常规探测资料在天气预报中的作用,结果表明:非常规探测资料可以弥补常规探测资料在时间和空间上密度的缺陷,GPS水汽资料的时间演变特征与强降水有较好的对应关系,不同天气系统、不同降水类型和不同季节有着不同的分布特征,在降水过程分析及短时临近预报预警中有重要的参考意义；自动站资料可以分析中小尺度天气系统的强度、范围、维持时间和演变特征,对于局地性强降水的预报预警有重要的作用.