Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combines laser, general optics microscopy and computer technology. Besides higher resolution than general optics microscopy, it can also scan a surface at various focal depths and realize dynamic in-situ observation. The grain growth in steel solidification, high temperature phase transformation and metallurgical behaviors of the secondary phase can be directly observed by CLSM. This paper describes the compositions and principles of CLSM and its application in metallurgy industry such as the collision, agglomeration and cluster formation of inclusion particles, the diffusion on the slag/steel interface, the engulfment and pushing of inclusions on the advancing melt/solid interface, as well as the nucleation and formation of precipitates.
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