GIS在矿业系统中的应用现状与展望

摘要

地理信息系统( Geographic Information System,GIS)具有采集、管理、分析和输出多种地理空间信息等功能,作为一门融合地理学、地图学、遥感技术和计算机科学的综合性学科,近年来在矿业系统中得到了广泛的应用研究。结合近年来该领域的最新研究成果,围绕矿山地质勘查与评价、矿山机械及工作人员定位、矿井通风网络模拟、矿山边坡稳定性与采空区塌陷等灾害的监测与预警、矿区环境监测及矿山复垦等方面对GIS在矿业系统中的应用现状进行分析。在此基础上,分别从大型矿山GIS空间数据库与云GIS的构建,矿区环境与稳定性监测过程中“3S”等多元技术的融合,构建Interoperable GIS以实现矿山数据库共享,以3D/4D GIS为代表的GIS多维化发展,矿山生产管理过程中空间可视化技术与虚拟现实技术的有机结合等方面对GIS在矿业系统中的应用方向进行展望,为矿山数字化建设提供参考。%Geographic information system ( GIS) has plenty of functions,such as acquisition,management,analysis and output of a variety of geographic spatial information and so on. As a comprehensive discipline combined of geography,cartogra-phy,remote sensing technology and computer science,it has been widely applied and researched in recent years. Combing with the latest research results in this field,the application status of GIS in mining system have been analyzed from the aspects of mine geological prospection and evaluation,mining machinery and personnel position,mining ventilation network simulation, mine slope disaster monitoring and early-warning, mine environment monitoring and mine reclamation and others. Based on this,the directions of GIS in mining system with representative of 3D/4D GIS are prospected from the aspects of constructing large-scale mining GIS spatial database and cloud GIS,integrating with GIS,RS,GPS in mining environmental monitoring and stability process,and constructing interoperable GIS,combination with the spatial visualization and virtual reality technology in the process of mining production management so as to provide some reference for construction of digital mine.