东秦岭某稀有金属矿石的工艺矿物学与主要矿物的回收工艺

摘要

对东秦岭某稀有金属矿的工艺特性进行了研究,确定了矿石的物质组成、结构构造、主要矿物的嵌布特征和粒度分布,对矿石中的有用矿物进行了选矿探索试验.结果表明:矿石中Nb2O5+Ta2O5含量为0.050%,伴生的Li、Be、Rb和Cs等元素可考虑综合回收;钽铌矿选矿采用磁选—重选联合流程回收(磁选富集铌铁矿和钽锰矿,重选富集钽铁矿、细晶石和烧绿石),最终获得Nb2O5和Ta2O5含量分别为20.728%和50.462%、回收率分别为28.82%和33.99%的铌钽精矿;锂矿物选矿采用浮选环境为中性的自主研发药剂,通过1粗1扫3精浮选流程处理,可获得Li2O含量为1.65%、回收率为31.31%的锂精矿.鉴于长石以钠长石为主,且多含微细粒包裹体,大部分未解离,很难获得合格精矿,而锂尾矿Cs2O和Rb2O含量分别为0.20%和0.16%,经济价值较高,建议直接采用焙烧—水浸法工艺进行回收.%The technological property of a rare metal ore in Eastern Qinling belt is investigated,determining the material composition,texture structure,dissemination characteristics and particle size distributions of main minerals in the ore. Then,the mineral processing experiment of valuable minerals in the ore is carried out. The results show that the content of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 in the ore is 0. 050%,and Li,Be,Rb and Cs associated within the ore can be considered to recover. The magnetic sepa-ration-gravity concentration combined processing are adopted in separating intantalum-niobium ore ( columbite and tantalum manganese ore are enriched by magnetic separation,and tantalite,microlite and pyrochlore are enriched by gravity concentra-tion),by which intantalum-niobium concentrate with Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 contents of 50. 462% and 20. 728%,recovery rate of 33. 99% and 28. 82% are ultimately acquired respectively. The self-developed medicaments with neutral flotation environment are used in lithium minerals beneficiation,and concentrate with Li2O content of 1. 65%,recovery rate of 31. 31% was obtained through the flotation flow-sheet of one-roughing,one-scavenging and three-cleaning. Since feldspar mainly exists in albite which contains more fine-grained inclusions. Most of them are not dissociated,and it is difficult to obtain qualified concentrates. The grades of Cs2O and Rb2O in lithium tailing are 0. 20% and 0. 16% separately with higher economic values,so the metallurgi-cal process of roasting-water leaching is recommended to recover Cs2O and Rb2 O directly.