聚合物分离膜的表界面工程

摘要

We suggest that the main purposes of surface and interface engineering for polymer membranes include:(1) improving the service properties of typical membranes by surface modification and functionalization;(2) endowing the membrane surface with different structures to the membrane bulk;(3) developing novel strategies for the fabrication of selective skin layers;(4) evaluating the relationship between the surface structure and the separation property;(5) finally realizing the advancement and multi-functionalization of the membranes.In this review,we summarize the progresses on the biomimetic modification and the biomineralization of polypropylene microfiltration membranes.We also discuss the perspectives of the "controlled" construction of selective skin layers for thin film composite nanofiltration membranes.The biomimetic modification and biomineralization strategies can be used for the surface modification and functionalization of other membranes including inorganic ones.The developed musselinspired chemistry,including polydopamine and those co-depositing systems,are useful for the fabrication of selective skin layers for thin film composite nanofihration membranes.These coatings can also be applied as interlayers to modulate the interfacial polymerization for thin film composite nanofiltration membranes with high water permeatiom flux.%聚合物分离膜材料的表界面工程主要着眼点在于:运用表面改性和功能化方法提高传统聚合物分离膜材料的服役性能,赋予其表面不同于本体的结构特征,建立构筑聚合物分离膜材料表面选择性分离层的新途径,阐明膜表面结构与性能之间的关系,实现聚合物分离膜材料的高品质化与多功能化.本文就聚丙烯微滤膜的仿生修饰与仿生矿化以及薄层复合纳滤膜选择性皮层的“可控”构造择要进行了总结和再思考.所介绍的仿生修饰与仿生矿化方法同样可被用于其它聚合物乃至无机分离膜的表面改性与功能化,基于贻贝仿生化学的聚多巴胺及其系列共沉积涂层可用作薄层复合膜的选择性皮层,或用于界面聚合薄层复合膜的中间层,在一定程度上调控界面聚合,获得一类超薄选择性皮层的高通量水处理纳滤膜.