胰高糖素样肽1类似物治疗糖尿病的研究进展

摘要

胰高糖素样肽1(GLP-1)是一种肠肽类激素,GLP-1不仅可促进胰岛素合成和分泌、抑制B细胞凋亡、促进B细胞增殖、抑制胰高糖素分泌;还可降低食欲,延缓胃排空;GLP-1对心血管功能产生有益作用.人GLP-1类似物适用于二甲双胍、磺脲类和(或)胰岛素增敏剂控制血糖仍不满意的2型糖尿病患者.在1型糖尿病中,GLP-1对空腹血糖的作用,取决于患者血糖、胰升糖素水平及残存胰岛B细胞功能.GLP-1能改善餐后血糖的波动,根据患者残存B细胞功能的多少,其作用机制可能有差别.%Glucagon-like peptide-l( GLP-1 ),as a gut hormone,in addition to stimulating insulin secretion and promoting pancreatic B-cell mass, GLP-1 suppresses glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying and inhibits food intake. Their glucose-dependent mechanism limits the risk for hypoglycemia. GLP-1 improved cardiac function in humans. GLP-1 analogue is used in type 2 diabetic patients who are not sufficiently controlled by metformin and sulfonylurea. GLP-1 is able to lower fasting glycemia also in type Ⅰ diabetic patients,mainly by reducing glucagon concentrations and by remnant pancreatic B-cell secretion. The mechanism of lowering postprandial glycemia in type Ⅰ diabetic patients is different according to remnant pancreatic B-cell mass.