生长激素瘤患者临床特征的回顾性分析

摘要

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with growth-hormone adenoma (GHA) and summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience.Methods The clinical data of 338 GHA cases at the General Hospital of PLA from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2016 were collected, of which 252 cases with more complete clinical data were retrospectively analyzed including their general situation, medical history, laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations, and treatment modalities and outcomes. Parts of the patients were followed up.Results The cases of hospitalized GHA patients have increased year by year since 1990, and the number of patients admitted in the last 3 years accounted for 56.2% of the total number of cases. The sex ratio for GHA patients was nearly 1:1. Age of visiting followed Gaussian distribution while the 41-50 age group occupied the largest part. The most typical sign is hand and foot enlargement (60.7%), followed by the hypertrophy of nasal ala. The most common symptoms are headache (42.5%), hypopsia, visual field defect and diplopia. More than half of GHA patients were complicated with prediabetes and diabetes (72.6%), sleep apnea (69.5%), goiter or thyroid nodularity (56.4%), cardiac insufficiency (57.0%) and colon polyp (54.1%); while the percentages of cases undergone the relevant examination in the total number of cases were as follows: 75g OGTT test (42.1%), polysomnography (23.4%), thyroid ultrasound (37.3%), echocardiogram (47.6%) and colonoscopy (14.7%); GHA was 23.37±1.42μg/L and IGF-1 was 804.28±273.93ng/ml on average; 85.0% of somatotroph tumors are macroadenoma. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy to GHA, while medical therapy was selected by less patients. During the follow-up, only 38.0%of GHA patients can be contacted, among them the remission rate decreased to 40.5%. The positive rate of long-term remission evaluated by early postoperative GHA level was consistent with that confirmed by the long-term follow-up (χ2=3.368,P>0.05). Conclusions The number of hospitalized GHA patients have increased recent years. The common clinical signs and symptoms are somatic enlargement and nonspecific headache. Due to uncompleted screening, GHA associated complications are always misdiagnosed; It is essential to establish a sound model of follow-up to improve patients' quality of life. The early postoperative GHA levels may predict the prognosis of surgery.%目的 分析生长激素瘤(GH瘤)患者的临床特征,并总结其诊治经验.方法 收集1990年1月-2016年12月在解放军总医院就诊的338例GH瘤患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其中病例资料较完整的252例患者的一般情况、病史资料、实验室及辅助检查结果 、治疗方式及结果 等,并对其中部分患者的疾病缓解情况进行随访.结果 我院GH瘤患者收治数量逐年增加,近3年收治患者例数占总收治患者例数56.2%;GH瘤患者男女比例约为1:1,就诊年龄呈正态分布,41~50岁发病人数最多;GH瘤患者最常见的临床体征为手、足增大(60.7%),其次为鼻翼增大(35.7%),最常见的临床症状为头痛(42.5%),其次为视力、视野改变(26.6%);GH瘤患者最常见的临床并发症为糖代谢异常(72.6%),呼吸睡眠暂停、甲状腺肿或结节、心功能异常及结肠息肉发生率均明显上升(69.5%、56.4%、57.0%及54.1%),上述并发症检查患者例数分别占本研究总患者例数的42.1%、23.4%、37.3%、47.6%和14.7%;GH 23.37±1.42μg/L,IGF-1804.28±273.93ng/ml;垂体GH瘤85.0%为大腺瘤;手术治疗仍为一线治疗方案,选择药物治疗患者较少;随访率38.0%(84/252),随访患者缓解率40.5%;术后早期GH水平判断手术长期缓解的阳性率与真实随访手术长期缓解的阳性率基本一致(χ2=3.368,P>0.05).结论 近年收治GH瘤患者数量不断增加,临床常见体征和症状分别为肢端肥大和头痛;对本病并发症的筛查尚不系统,存在大量遗漏,仍须加强患者治疗后随访,以改善患者生存质量;术后早期GH水平测定对手术预后有较高预测价值.