我院荨麻疹患儿体外过敏原分析

摘要

Objective:To investigate and discuss the situation of allergens in children with urticaria in our hospital. Method:Total serum immunoglobulin(TIgE)was detected by IgE ELISA kit(chemiluminescence). Phadiatop,Fx5E and specific IgE(SIgE)were tested by fully automatic in vitro allergen detection system(ImmunoCAP250,Phadia Company)with fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay. Result:In 193 patients with urticaria,99.3%was detected with positive TIgE. The positive rates of Phadiatop and Fx5E were 32.1%and 49.7%separately,and the aggregate of the two rates was 59.8%. Inhalant allergens were mainly consisted of house dust and mites(47.6%)while ingested allergens were primarily composed of milk and eggs(56.3%,52.6%). The positive rate of Fx5E was significantly higher than that of Phadiatop among children 0 to 3 years old(45.2%vs 26.2%, P<0.05),but which in patients aged above 3 years old had no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion:Atopic constitution is common in children with urticaria,and approximately 60%cases are related to type I hypersensitivity. Inhalant allergens are mainly composed of house dust and mites,and ingested allergens are mainly composed of milk and eggs. Ingested allergens are the most common reason for urticaria in children 0-3 years old while in children above 3-year,ingested and inhalant allergens are equally important.%目的：对本院荨麻疹患儿过敏原情况进行分析探讨。方法：采用免疫球蛋白E测定试剂盒（化学发光法）检测血清总IgE （TIgE）和Phadia公司全自动体外变应原检测系统ImmunoCAP250荧光酶联免疫法检测血清吸入物过敏原过筛查试验（Phadiatop）、食物过敏原过筛查试验（Fx5E）和特异性IgE（SIgE）。结果：193例荨麻疹患儿中，TIgE阳性率为99.3%。Phadiatop、Fx5E总计阳性率为59.8%；Phadiatop、Fx5E阳性率分别为32.1%和49.7%。SIgE显示吸入物过敏原以屋尘、粉尘螨、屋尘螨为主（47.6%），食物过敏原以牛奶、鸡蛋为主（56.3%，52.6%）。0~3岁年龄段患儿Fx5E阳性率为45.2%，明显高于Phadiatop的阳性率26.2%（P<0.05）；>3岁患儿中两者无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：荨麻疹患儿多属特应性体质，约60%与第I型变态反应有关；吸入物过敏原主要为屋尘、粉尘螨、屋尘螨，食物过敏原以牛奶、鸡蛋为主；0~3岁患儿食物过敏是其主要因素，而>3岁患儿食物与吸入物过敏几乎均等存在。