某高校大学生与正畸医生对错畸形的感知差异及其影响因素调查

摘要

Objective:To investigate our university students’ perception of malocclusion firstly. To investigate the perception differences between students and orthodontists, and to analyze factors on perception difference. Better diagnosis for orthodontists, and giving college students the correct guidance and help.Method:A sample of 213 college students from 2012 to 2013 was selected randomly in our department. A questionnaire, which consisted of socioeconomic status, index of orthodontic treatment need and dental health component (DHC) questionnaire, was proposed to them. Index of orthodontic treatment need comprised aesthetic component (AC) and DHC. An orthodontist measured orthodontic dental models of participants. Participants chose AC degree and DHC degree by their subjective perception, and compared with an orthodontist chose AC degree and DHC degree by their objective measurement. Meanwhile, we had compared the gender, place of residence, whether the one-child between students’ subjective perception of AC and DHC degree. Result:Objective measurement degree of orthodontist was higher than subjective perception degree of college students (P<0.05). Subjective perception of college students and objective measurement of orthodontists had significantly positive correlation. DHC degree of female college students’subjective perception was higher than the male. AC and DHC degree of urban college students’subjective perception was higher than the rural. AC and DHC degree of only child college students’subjective perception was higher than non-only child.Conclusion:Perception about malocclusion, dental health and aesthetic had significant difference between college students and orthodontists. More female college students than the male tended to think that their teeth were not enough healthy. Urban college students were more unsatisfactory about their dental health than the rural. Only child college students were more unsatisfactory about their dental aesthetic and health than the non-only child, and it is necessary to further strengthen the educating of malocclusion knowledge and guiding their medical behavior.%目的：了解南京农业大学在校大学生对错畸形知识的认知程度以及其与正畸医生对错畸形的认知差异，并分析相关影响因素，指导正畸医生进行更好的诊疗，同时给予大学生正确的指导和帮助。方法：对2012-2013年来本科就诊的213名在校大学生的进行错畸形认知问卷调查，所用的问卷包括一般人口调查问卷、据正畸治疗需要指数量表[由牙齿美观因素（AC）与牙齿健康因素（DHC）组成]设计的牙齿美观和健康因素自评调查问卷。被试者根据自己的主观感知进行AC等级和DHC等级的评分，与正畸医生根据模型测得的客观值所得评分相比较，并进行不同性别、居住地、是否独生子女大学生间主观感知AC等级和DHC等级比较。结果：正畸医生的客观测量等级明显高于大学生的主观感知等级（P<0.05）；大学生主观感知和正畸医生客观测量的相应数值呈显著正相关关系；女性大学生的主观感知DHC等级显著高于男性大学生，城市大学生的主观感知AC和DHC等级均显著高于农村大学生，独生子女大学生的主观感知AC和DHC等级均显著高于非独生子女大学生。结论：大学生与正畸医生对大学生自身错畸形的美观和健康因素的认知间的差异明显，女大学生比男大学生更加倾向于认为自己牙齿不健康，城市大学生比农村大学生、独生子女比非独生子女更加注重自己牙齿的美观和健康情况，应进一步加强对大学生错畸形知识的宣讲并指导其就医行为。