高速电主轴电磁加载的切向力分析

摘要

非接触电磁加载实现了高速电主轴的动态加载.在动态加载过程中,由于实心加载盘的高速旋转,其内部产生的涡流以及集肤效应会对电磁铁产生的磁场造成影响,而且随着转速的提高,影响更加明显,会导致径向力逐渐减小,并且产生切向力.本文旨在研究电主轴在动态加载时切向力在不同条件下的变化关系,主要利用解析法与有限元法分析计算加载过程中的切向力,其计算结果较吻合.通过分析不同条件下的动态加载过程,发现切向力的变化具有一定规律,切向力会随着转速、电流以及气隙的变化而产生增加或减小的趋势,最终得出了切向力的加载特性规律.%Non-contact electromagnetic loading has achieved the dynamic loading of high speed motorized spindle.In the process of dynamic loading,due to the high speed rotation of the solid loading plate (iron-nickel alloy),eddy currents and skin effect appearing in the plate exercise their impact on the magnetic field produced by the electromagnet,and as the speed increases,the impact is more obvious,causing the radial force to decrease gradually and the tangential force to appear.This article aims to study the relationship among tangential forces under different conditions and uses the analytical method and the finite element method to calculate the tangential force during loading until the calculation results are in good agreement.By analyzing the dynamic process of loading,the article discovers that,in the process of electromagnetic loading,the tangential force changes with certain regularity,namely the tangential force increases or decreases with the differences in the speed,current and air gap of the high speed motorized spindle.The loading law of tangential force thus obtained provides the basis for improving the electromagnetic loading device.