基于物理噪声源的真随机数发生器的设计与实现

摘要

随机数在信息安全及密码学领域有着重要作用。利用确定性的数学算法可产生伪随机数，然而其具有可被预测性，难以确保信息安全。研究发现从自然界存在的物理熵源中提取的随机数具有统计无偏和不可被预测性。基于该思想，设计了一种基于物理热噪声与单片机技术的真随机数发生器，可产生0 Mb／s～2 Mb／s速率可调的真随机数序列；相关性分析及ENT测试结果表明所产生的随机序列具备良好的随机统计特性。该装置可便捷地应用于数据加密、保密通信、密钥产生等领域。%Random numbers play an important role in the field of information security and cryptography .Using deterministic mathe‐matical algorithms can produce pseudorandom numbers ,however which do not meet the requirements of completely random .The pre‐dictability of the pseudorandom numbers make it is difficult to guarantee information security .True random numbers with unpredict‐ability can only be extracted from the physical entropy source .In this paper we designed and completed a true random number gener‐ator (TRNG) by utilizing a physical entropy source based on thermal noise and a microcontroller ,which can produce random bits stream at a speed up to 2 Mbps .The correlation analysis and ENT test results show that the random numbers generated by the TRNG own good random characteristics .The TRNG can be conveniently applied to data encryption ,secure communications and key generation .