通过水煮发泡制备了交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料,讨论了泡沫塑料泡孔结构随着水煮时间的变化,研究了卸模温度、发泡剂以及成核剂对模压块及泡沫塑料泡孔尺寸的影响,通过光学体视显微镜(OM)和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察了泡沫塑料的宏观和微观结构,通过热机械分析仪(TMA)分析了模压块的玻璃化转变温度.结果表明,模压块中含有大量圆球形气泡核,水煮后气泡生长并相互挤压形成具有多边形结构的泡体,得到的泡沫塑料具有闭孔结构；模压块的玻璃化转变温度约为51.4℃,模压后适宜的卸模温度为35～50℃；发泡剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)与偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)用量为1.5∶1(质量比)时制备的模压块中气泡核较小且分布均匀；发泡剂AC还兼具成核剂的作用,体系中无需额外添加成核剂.%Crosslinked polyvinyl chloride(PVC) foam plastic was prepared by boiling foaming method, the change of cellular structure of foam plastic with boiling time was discussed, the effect of temperature of opening mould, foaming agent and nucleation agent on the cell size of embryo and foam, the macroscopic and microcosmic structure of foam was observed via optical microscope(OM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), and glass-transition temperature( Tg) was analyzed via thermomechanical analysis. The results showed that a large amount of bubble was contained in embryo, cellular structure with polygon was formed when bubble growing and extruding after boiling, foam obtained with closed cellular structure. Tg of embryo was 51. 4℃, appropriated temperature of opening mould was 35~50℃. With Azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) and Azodicarbonamide(AC) as foaming agent, little bubble uniform distributed in embryo when the mass ratio of AIBN and AC was 1. 5: 1. AC also can act as nucleation agent, there is no need of additional nucleation agent.
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