激光增材制造热-力耦合数值模拟研究现状及进展

摘要

The powder bed experienced a serious temperature variation during the laser additive manufacturing,which resulted in the complicated transient and residual stress field,and the deformation such as curl and crack.Moreover,it would be very difficult to obtain the precise temperature distribution using the trial-and-error experimental measurements during the laser additive manufac-turing process.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation have to be developed as an alternative way to predict the thermal-me-chanical behaviors and their effect on the fabrication process.The development of numerical simulation in temperature and stress field during additive laser manufacturing of metal powder is summarized in this paper.The development direction of numerical simulation in this technology is also addressed.%激光增材制造技术加工过程中温度变化迅速而剧烈,导致成形件内部产生复杂的热应力和残余应力,这是成形件发生应力变形、翘曲、开裂等加工缺陷的根本原因.并且,剧烈的温度变化使得难以直接使用实验观察其温度场和应力场演变规律.因此,通过建立有限元模型进行数值模拟的方法来分析热-力耦合场的分布以及其对成形件质量的影响尤为必要.总结了金属激光增材制造技术温度场和应力场的数值模拟研究进展及现阶段存在的一些问题,进一步探讨了金属激光增材制造技术在数值模拟方面的未来发展方向.