根据测试距车轴表面2mm深度处残余应力的要求，推导了剥层测残余应力的修正公式，利用生死单元法模拟了车轴车削的过程，验证了该修正公式的正确性，并采用X射线衍射法测定了距某车轴表面2mm深度处的轴向和周向残余应力。结果表明：X射线衍射法和修正公式能有效测出距车轴表面2mm深度处的残余应力；轴向残余应力最大值（绝对值）和周向残余应力最大值（绝对值）分别出现在0°测点和90°测点，其值分别为～139．15MPa和-105．21MPa，轴向残余应力和周向残余应力各点的差值均小于EN13261标准规定的40MPa。%According to the principle for measuring the residual stress under axle surface 2 mm, the modified formula for stripping method measuring residual stress was deduced, and the correctness of the modified formula was proved by using birth-death element method to simulate the progress Of turning the axle. The axial and circumferential residual stresses under axle surface 2 mm were tested by X-ray diffraction method. The results show that the X-ray method and modified formula could measure the residual stress under axle surface 2 ram. The maximal values of axial and circumferential residual stresses appeared at 0°and 90° test points, and their value were --139. 15 MPa and --105.21 MPa, respectively, and the differences of axial and circumferential residual stress in every points were less than EN13261 prescribed value of 40 MPa.
展开▼
