核/壳型碳包覆金属纳米胶囊的微波吸收性能

摘要

Carbon-coated metallic nanocapsules have attracted much attention due to their tunable core/shell structure and complementary magnetic- and dielectric-loss properties which can lead to optimal microwave absorption properties. The carbon shells can not only improve physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, but also result in some new mechanisms that are contributing to electromagnetic impedance matching. In this paper, we described core/shell-type car-bon-coated metallic nanocapsules formation by using a DC arc discharge approach and analyzed their formation mecha-nism. The architectural design of nanocapsules applied for microwave absorbing materials was introduced and reviewed, including research on nanocapsules with different core or shell dimensions and doped by some kinds of heteroatoms, which are significant to adjust the dielectric and magnetic losses properties and the microwave absorption properties.%具有核/壳结构的碳包覆金属纳米胶囊由于可调节的成分与结构特征，可以实现微波频段内相互协调的磁损耗和介电损耗特性，从而获得优异的微波吸收性能，近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。碳外壳的包覆不仅改善了纳米材料的物理和化学性质，由此引入的核/壳异质界面还在微观结构上赋予纳米胶囊新的微波吸收机制，建立了合适的电磁匹配。首先介绍了通过直流电弧放电制备碳包覆金属纳米胶囊的方法，简要分析了该方法中纳米胶囊的形成机制。介绍了一些关于碳包覆纳米胶囊的结构设计及其在微波吸收材料方面的应用探索，包括不同核壳尺寸结构的设计、引入异质原子等不同方法对纳米胶囊在微波频段内的介电损耗和磁损耗能力的调控。