长江口及邻近海域夏季表层沉积物中重金属等的分布、来源与沉积物环境质量

摘要

通过现场调查研究报道了长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳、石油类、硫化物以及氮磷的分布、来源以及沉积物环境质量.结果显示,长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳、石油类、硫化物以及氮磷的分布很不均匀,除硫化物外,重金属、有机碳、石油类以及氮磷基本呈现长江口和杭州湾东北近岸的上海外海出现高值,其他区域浓度较低.硫化物在长江口外、杭州湾西部以及舟山群岛东南海域出现高值,与这一区域低氧区的分布基本一致.长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳、石油类、硫化物以及氮磷主要来自于长江及陆源排污,长江等河流的输入占绝对优势,且影响这一整体海域,陆源排污主要影响排污的近岸区域.单因子评价的结果显示,长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物各项评价指标均符合国家一类沉积物质量标准,调查海域表层沉积物质量优良.%The geochemical characteristics of heavy metals, organic carbon, oil, sulfide, nitrogen, and phosphorus in surface sediments of the Changjiang estuarine and its adjacent regions were reported in this paper. The distributions of heavy metals, organic carbon, oil, sulfide, nitrogen and phosphorus in surface sediments were very irregular, and the high values of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As, OC, oils, TN, and TP appeared in the Changjiang estuarine and the northeast region of the Hangzhou Bay; but the high sulfides, which was similar to the distribution of hypoxia area, in the outside of the Changjiang estuarine, the near top coastal region of the Hangzhou Bay, and the southeast region of the Zhoushan islands. The main sources of heavy metals, organic carbon, oil, sulfide, nitrogen, and phosphorus in surface sediments of the Changjiang estuarine and its adjacent regions were the input of the Changjiang river and land pollution matter. The Changjiang river input could affect the whole sea region, and the land pollution matter input only had influence on the coastal region. The sediment quality of the Changjiang estuarine and its adjacent regions were suitable for the sediment assessment.