In this paper, columned sediments of Wanquan River estuary in Hainan Island were chosen for the case of study. Based on the 2l0Pb dating method, sedimentation rate was measured, and by the analysis of the contents of heavy metal elements (Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Hg), as well as Si/Al ratio, the relations between estuary sedimentation and Bo' ao development were discussed. The results showed that sedimentation rate of columned sediments was 1.13 cm/a, which recorded the environmental information from 1991 to 2007 in Bo' ao district. Vertical distributions of heavy metals and grain size from the columned sediments were consistent with the phases of Bo' ao exploitation. During the elementary exploitation in Bo' ao area from 1991 to 1998. The contents of heavy metal elements in columned sediments changed gently; which indicated estuary environment was disturbed by natural processes. When Bo' ao began to develop energetically after 1999, the contents of heavy metal elements changed distinctly, and these profile types reflected the natural sedimentation and the human rebuilding activity. Contents of heavy metals were safe after all, and the environmental quality of Wanquan River estuary was favorable.%以海南岛万泉河口沉积柱为研究对象,进行21oPb法沉积速率测定和重金属(Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、As、Hg)含量以及粒径指标Si/Al比值分析,探讨河口沉积过程与博鳌开发建设的关系.结果表明:沉积柱的平均沉积速率为1.13 cm/a,记录了大约从1991-2007年博鳌地区的环境变化信息.重金属含量和粒度的垂向变化规律与博鳌建设的阶段性相吻合.1991-1998年博鳌初步开发期间,重金属含量变化幅度较小,河口环境主要受自然作用制约；1999年博鳘开始大规模建设后,重金属含量变化幅度显著增大,反映了自然沉积和人类作用的双重影响.重金属整体上未造成环境污染,万泉河口湾环境质量良好.
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