珠江河口磨刀门水道的亚潮振荡特征及其对水文气象要素的响应

摘要

According to the data of hourly tidal level from the Sanzao Station, Dahengqin Station, Denglongshan Station and Zhuyin Station located in the Modaomen watercourse of the Pearl River in 2010, the wavelet analysis method was used to study the periodical characteristics of the sub-tide oscillation in the Modaomen Estuary. By use of the wavelet coherence method, the relationship between sub-tide and barometric pressure, wind speed and river discharge was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The sub-tide fluctuation periods with 5-6 d, 14 d and 21 d existed in the Modaomen Estuary. (2) The energy of the periodical fluctuations of 5-6 d for sub-tide came from meteorological elements and river discharge;and the energy of the periodical fluctuations of 14 d came from the superimposed effect of the astronomical spring-neap tide, meteorological elements and the river discharge;the periodical fluctuations of 21 d were affected mainly by the joint action of meteorological elements and discharge. However, the fluctuations of 21 d in the upstream station were mainly affected by the river discharge. (3) Sub-tide in different seasons would show different responses to meteorological elements.%根据珠江河口磨刀门水道的三灶站、大横琴站、灯笼山站、竹银站2010年全年的逐时潮位资料，利用小波分析方法研究磨刀门河口区亚潮变化的周期特征。采用小波相干方法，分析亚潮与气压、风速、流量之间的相关关系。研究结果表明：（1）磨刀门河口亚潮主要存在5~6 d、14 d、21 d周期性波动。（2）亚潮5~6 d的周期波动的能量来源于气象要素及入海径流；亚潮14 d左右的周期波动的能量来源于天文大小潮、气象要素及入海径流的叠加效应；磨刀门水道下游站点亚潮21 d的周期性波动受到气象要素及入海径流的联合作用，而上游站点亚潮21 d的周期性波动主要受到入海径流因素的影响。（3）在不同季节，亚潮对气象要素的响应情况会产生不同影响。