基于GNSS信号信噪比观测量的海平面高度变化研究

摘要

建立基于GNSS信号的海面测高数学模型,揭示基于载波和信噪比观测量测高方法的内在联系;提出利用造价便宜的GPS接收机以及普通接收机天线进行海平面高度变化监测的手段;进行海平面高度变化监测的实验并与验潮仪对比分析.结果表明:利用普通GPS接收机和天线进行海平面测高可以获得厘米级的测量精度,24 h连续监测的均方根误差为4.13 cm,GPS高度计与验潮仪的测量结果相关系数为0.86;所布设的GNSS高度计与造价昂贵的大地测量型接收机监测结果相当,该造价便宜的高度计更适合用于未来大规模实际的海平面高度变化监测中.%The mathematical model of sea level altimetry based on GNSS signal carrier observables and the SNR is established,and the relation of two methods is studied in this paper.The scheme of sea level changes monitoring using inexpensive GPS receiver and off-shelf antenna is designed.Sea level monitoring experiment is conducted and the results of GPS measurement are compared with tide gauge data.The results show that centimeter accuracy of sea level changes can be archived using ordinary GPS receiver and antenna.The results of the 24 hours experiment show that the RMS error is 4.13 cm.The correlation coefficient of GPS altimeter and tide gauge measurements is 0.86.The GPS altimeter can obtain similar accuracy compared with the results of geodetic receiver equipped with a GPS antenna with a choke spherical equivalent protective cover.This indicates that the GPS altimeter can be used for future actual sea level forecasting.