Abrasive water jet moves and gets acceleration in the nozzle. The inner surface shape of the nozzle has significant influence on the jet flow. The cutting performances of the 4 types of nozzles ( cylindrical shape, cone shape, conic-cylindrical shape and streamline shape) were compared through experiments and simulation. The results showed that: the cylindrical-shaped nozzle has a short jet acceleration process, fast attenuation and poor cutting performance; the cone-shaped nozzle has a long jet acceleration process, slow attenuation and relatively long jet core segment, so it has certain application value; there is no significant difference between the conic-cylindrical shaped nozzle and the streamline-shaped nozzle in acceleration process and attenuation, and their jet core segments are relatively long, therefore their cutting performances are almost the same; it is appropriate for the conic-cylindrical nozzle to have a L/d of 3 ～ 4 at the exit end of the conic-cylindrical shaped nozzle.%磨料水射流在喷嘴中运动并得到加速,喷嘴内表面形状对射流影响显著.通过仿真与试验比较圆柱形、圆锥形、锥直形和流线形4种喷嘴的切割性能,结果表明:圆柱形喷嘴射流加速过程短,衰减快,切割效果差;圆锥形喷嘴射流加速过程长,衰减过程缓慢,有较长的射流核心段,具有一定的应用价值;锥直形、流线形两种喷嘴的加速过程与衰减过程无显著差异,射流核心段较长,实际切割能力并没有显著差别;在锥直形喷嘴中,出口圆柱段喷嘴长径比为3～4较合适.
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