针对汽车换挡杆钻、铣工序的特点,提出将它们进行工序集中,采用自动化钻铣专用机床来提高加工效率.设计的自动化钻铣专用机床包括上料和钻孔、铣槽、卸料等3个工位,采用“上料→装夹→钻孔→铣槽→卸料”工艺流程完成换挡杆钻铣加工.上料装置由分料装置和送料装置组成,实现“分料→送料”的上料过程.液压夹具采用V形块和侧面支撑板作为定位元件,采用4个液压缸实现8个工件的夹紧.钻削头和铣削头调节装置可用来调节钻头、铣刀与工件之间的相对位置,因此该机床可用来实现工艺相同、尺寸不同的相似零件的钻、铣加工,扩大了机床的加工范围.实践表明:采用该专用机床大大缩短了生产辅助时间,钻、铣加工效率可提高3倍以上；加工过程全自动化,一个工人可以同时看管多台专用机床,可减少劳动力需求75％以上,从而大大降低换挡杆加工成本.%By analyzing car shift-lever drilling and milling process characteristics, they were combined into one process, and the automatic drilling and milling dedicated machine tool was designed to improve processing efficiency. This machine had three positions; feeding and drilling, milling flute, unloading. The drilling and milling of shift-lever were finished by using "feeding-loading-drilling-milling flute-unloading" process flow. Loading device included sub-feeding device and feeding device, and feeding action included sub-feeding and feeding. V-block and lateral support plate were used as setting elements of the hydraulic fixture, and four hydraulic cylinders were used as clamps. Because the relative position between drilling head and milling head could be regulated by position control device, this dedicated machine tool could be used to drill and mill flute of similar shift-lever that had same processes and different sizes. Practice shows that using this machine tool, the assistant time is greatly shortened, and processing efficiency can be improved more than 3 times; the automation of machining process makes one worker can look after many machine tools, so labor demand can be reduced more than 75% , and shift-lever's production cost is greatly reduced.
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