基于增量式光栅编码器的数控系统找零算法及编程实现

摘要

Precise encoder and grating ruler are often used to measure and position in CNC system. In indexable inserts peripher-al grinding CNC system,incremental grating encoder was applied to measure displacement for the blade feed axis because this axis re-turned to the reference point in a single direction. For the grinding wheel axis,an incremental grating encoder with distance-coded was used to determine absolute position after the system was powered. High-speed finding-zero algorithm based on distance-coding made au-to-finding-zero into reality. Besides,the algorithm itself was very simple. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has its prominent superiorities in speed,accuracy over the ordinary incremental encoders and can meet the requirements of precise mo-tion contro1 in CNC system,which means it has high practical value.%数控系统常采用高精度的编码器和光栅尺进行位移测量和定位。在可转位刀片周边磨削数控系统中，刀片进给轴上电后需回参考点，但回参考点的方向是唯一的，因此采用增量式光栅编码器进行位置检测；对于上电需要确定绝对位置的砂轮摆动轴，采用一种带距离编码的增量式光栅编码器，利用距离编码的快速找零算法，在砂轮摆动轴实现了自动找零，而算法本身非常简单。实验结果表明：该找零方法在快速性、精确性等方面比一般增量式光栅编码器具有突出的优势，能够达到数控系统高精度运动控制的要求，具有较高的应用价值。