《汉法词典》（1670）考释

摘要

《汉法词典》（Dictionaire Chinois ＆ Franois ）是欧洲印行的第一部汉外双语词典，附于基歇尔《中国图说》法文版（1670）书后。词典全篇计44页，收录汉语条目约三千，以单音节词、双音节词居多，间有词组、短句、成语。每页排为两栏，每栏左侧列出汉语条目，但不写汉字，均以法文字母转写，按音序编排；右侧列有法文解释，或直取对应词，或予以定义，或作详细的诠说。其注音已成系统，区分送气与否，采用清平、浊平、上声、去声、入声五个调号。总体上看，词典所收为明末清初的官话词汇，而杂有南北方言的用词。探讨这部词典，结合考察出自早期传教士之手的类似作品，有助于还原、印证近代汉语的词汇和语音面貌，同时也可揭示传教士来华之始对中国名物的体认，以及对汉语同音字词的处理，对词义如同义、反义的辨析，对名、形、动诸词性的判别等等。%The anonymous Dictionaire Chinois & Franois attached to the French version (1670) of Athanasius Kircher’s China Monumentis (1667)is the first Chinese dictionary published in Eu-rope.With 44 pages containing around 3000 Romanized Chinese entries,the dictionary shows the sys-tematic application of marks for aspiration and tones,as well as the conscious attempts to establish correspondences between Chinese words and French ones from both semantic and grammatical per-spectives.Being a missionary Chinese wordbook,it is also a precious piece of historical literature which recorded terms and expressions peculiar to the Mandarin Chinese of the late Ming and earlier Qing dynasties.