世居高原中长距离自行车运动员赛前心率变异性变化特征分析

摘要

目的：通过对世居高原中长距离自行车运动员由高原下到平原比赛前运动员心率变异性（HRV）的变化，探索HRV在世居高原运动员赛前竞技状态评估的可靠性及应用价值。方法：选取云南省场地自行车队中长距离的8名运动员为研究对象，分别测试受试运动员在高原和平原比赛前的心率变异性，对HRV时域、频域进行分析。结果：世居高原中长距离自行车运动员在平原比赛前时域指标平均RR、RMSSD均高于在高原期间测试值，且差异显著（P＜0.05）；平原pNN50、SDNN/HR值均高于高原，且存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；频域指标VLF 、TP 、HFnorm指标在赛前（平原）高于高原，且存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）；LFnorm、LF/HF在赛前较高原时低，LFnorm具有显著性差异（P＜0.05），LF/HF存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；HF赛前测试值略高于高原，但无统计学意义。结论：世居高原中长距离自行车运动员赛前SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50、TP、HF、VLF指标均高于基础值，运动员无疲劳迹象；TP、LFnorm、LF/HF等指标均高于基础值，运动员迷走神经活动水平活跃，处于支配地位；HRV可以为运动员赛前身体机能状态评定以及竞技状态预估的重要参考指标。%Objective:When the middle and long distance cyclists come down from the native Plateau into the plain,their heart rate variability changes. By observing the cyclists’change of the HRV,this article aims to explore the reliability and application values of the application of HRV to the evaluation of the Native Plateau cyclists’athletic state before the match.Method:From the cycling team of Yunnan Province,8 male cyclists are chosen as subjects,and their heart rate variability shall be tested before the match on the plateau and the plain respectively. And the time domain and frequency domain also shall be explored in the testing.Result:By the time domain method,the RR,RMSSD of the cyclists on the plain are higher than that on the plateau,and there is an obvious difference between the figures(P<0.05);the pNN50,SDNN/HR are much higher than that on the plateau (P<0.01). By the frequency domain method,it is obvious that the VLF,TP,HFnorm are higher than that on the plateau(P<0.05);while,both the LFnorm and LF/HF are lower than that on the plateau,an obvious difference exists in the LFnorm figures (P<0.05),and an extreme significant difference exists in the LF/HF figures (P<0.01);the HF is only a little higher than that on the plateau,thus,it doesn’t have any statistical significance. Conclusion:Before the match,the Native Plateau middle and long distance cyclists’figures of SDNN,RMSSD, pNN50,TP,HF,VLF,are higher than the baseline,and they show no sign of fatigue; their indexes of TP,LFnorm and LF/HF are also higher than the baseline,therefore,the vagus nerve is active and is in the dominant position. Thus,HRV can be regarded as a very important element in the evaluation of the athletes’body function condition and the estimation of the athletes’athletic performance.