重庆市大足地区学龄儿童血铅检测结果分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the blood lead level among the school‐age children in Dazu District of Chongqing City and to analyze its risk factors .Methods The blood lead level among school‐age children from 12 vil‐lage and town schools of Dazu District was detected by adopting the BH2101S atomic absorption spectrometer ;mean‐while the questionnaire survey was performed .The blood lead values in different sexes and ages among village and town school‐age children and the occurrence rate of lead poisoning were analyzed .The risk factors for increasing blood lead level were screened .Results The average blood lead level in 3 725 school‐age children was (27 .92 ± 20 .29)μg/L ,424 children had lead poisoning with the incidence rate of 11 .4% .The blood lead level of boys was sig‐nificantly higher than that of girls(P<0 .05) ,and there was no statistically significant difference among various age groups(P>0 .05) ,however ,there was statistically significant difference in blood lead level among different villages and towns(P<0 .05) .The blood lead level of school‐age children and the lead poisoning rate was highest in Jinshan town .The risk factors leading to lead poisoning included parents work related to lead ,often contacting or eating lead‐rich materials and foods ,and homes decorated recently .Zinc and calcium supplementation were protective factors for blood lead increase .Conclusion Although the blood lead level among the school‐age children in Dazu District is lower than that in other cities of our country ,but the lead control situation in some towns is not still ideal ,thus ,the effec‐tive measures aiming at the factors causing blood lead increase should be adopted to prevent and control the lead poi‐soning .%目的：研究大足地区学龄儿童血铅水平及其危险因素分析。方法采用B H2101S型钨舟原子吸收光谱分析仪对该地区12个乡镇小学的学龄儿童血铅水平进行检测，同时进行问卷调查，分析不同性别、年龄段及乡镇学龄儿童血铅值及铅中毒发生率，并对导致血铅升高的危险因素进行筛选。结果3725例学龄儿童血铅平均值为（27．92±20．29）μg／L ，铅中毒儿童424例，中毒率为11．40％，男童血铅水平明显高于女童（ P＜0．05），各年龄段间血铅水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），但各乡镇儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），以金山镇学龄儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率最高。致使儿童血铅升高的危险因素主要有父母从事工作与铅相关、常接触富铅物品、常进食富铅食物、家庭住房最近装修过，补充锌钙制剂是血铅升高的保护因素。结论重庆市大足地区学龄儿童血铅水平低于中国其他城市，但部分乡镇控铅状况不甚理想，仍需针对致使血铅水平升高的因素采取有效的措施防控铅中毒。