Specialty Units for Safety and Preservation of Structures;
King Saud University;
Riyadh;
Saudi Arabia;
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering;
Politecnico di Torino;
Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24;
10129 Torino;
Italy;
Unified beam theory; Carrera unified formulation(CUF); Buckling; 1D formulation;