何首乌成分、药理及毒副作用相关的研究进展

摘要

[Objective] To sum up researches on components, pharmacological actions and toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb(Heshouwu). [Method] The research reference about Heshouwu in CNKI, VIP and PUBMAD database is col ected and calssified to three aspects on components, pharmacological actions and toxicity.[Result]①On components:Heshouwu contains stilbene, lecithin, anthraquinone, flavonoids, tannin and trace elements. The stilbene and anthraquinone are the mainly active components. Producing area, growth years, harvest time and processing methods are factors affecting the content of the components such as TSG in Heshouwu; Macroporous adsorption resin is the main separation method for preconcentration of TSG and anthraquinone constituents; ② On pharmacological actions and toxicity: Heshouwu has effects of hypolipidemic and liver protection, antioxidative, anti-osteoporosi, hpyerglycemic, antidepressive and antibiosis, the hypolipidemic and liver protection are the main effects which have been studied more. A reversible liver injury which displays as abnormal liver function parameter and bile metabolic disorder would be induced if the Heshouwu is administrated with a large dosage for long term. The possible components which would induce the toxicity in Heshouwu are tannin and anthraquinone, and the anthraquinone is the component with double effects of toxicity and therapy which should be considered in clinical application. [Conclusion]Reducing lipid and protecting liver is the main pharmaceutical function of the herb. As a commonly used Chinese herb for liver protection, the studies on alcoholic hepatic injury protection of Heshouwu may be a point for the researchers to focus on. The comparison studies on hypolipidemic and liver protection between Hesouwu and its processing products, and the correlations between components and pharmacological actions are worth study further.%[目的]总结何首乌在成分、药理和毒副作用方面的研究情况。[方法]查阅CNKI、维普数据库、PUBMED数据库中有关何首乌的研究文献，按成分、药理和毒副作用研究3个方面进行分类、汇总。[结果]①相关成分研究：何首乌主要含有二苯乙烯类、卵磷脂、蒽醌类、黄酮类、鞣质、微量元素等成分，二苯乙烯苷TSG及蒽醌类为其主要活性成分；产地、生长年限、采收时间及炮制工艺对成分含量有影响，其中炮制工艺尚能影响何首乌的成分组成及功效；大孔树脂分离法是目前何首乌中TSG及蒽醌类成分富集分离的主要方法。②相关药理及毒副作用研究：何首乌及其TSG等成分具有降脂保肝、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、降血糖、抗抑郁、抗菌抗肿瘤等作用，降脂保肝是其主要作用。长期大量摄入何首乌可致可逆性肝损伤，主要表现为血清肝功能指标异常，胆汁代谢紊乱等；致肝损伤不良反应的可能物质为鞣质及蒽醌类成分，其中蒽醌类成分为何首乌中具有毒效双重性的成分，实际应用应慎重。[结论]降脂保肝是何首乌主要的药理作用，二苯乙烯苷为保肝降脂主要活性成分；蒽醌类成分为何首乌中具有毒效双重性的成分，应根据用药目的，谨慎使用。作为临床常用保肝中药，对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用可作为何首乌的新研究点之一；生何首乌及其不同炮制品之间的降脂保肝作用的比较及其成分-药效间的相关性等，值得进一步的深入研究。