重型颅脑损伤患者常见并发症原因分析及护理措施

摘要

Objective To investigate the causes and nursing measures of common complications in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods The clinical data of 64 patients with severe craniocerebral injury in Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2014 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The causes of complications were analyzed,and the effective nursing measures were formulated.Results Among the 64 patients,51 cases of stable disease were transferred from intensive care unit to general ward after treatment for 4-10 days,13 cases died,the fatality rate was 20.3％ (13/64).The 64 patients had complications including intracranial hypertension in 3 cases,pulmonary infection in 4 cases,upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 cases,urinary infection in 4 cases,deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in 2 cases,exposure keratitis in 1 case and bedsore in 1 case.The incidence of complication was 26.5％ (17/64).Conclusion The incidence of complications in patients with severe craniocerebral injury is high.The effective measures should be taken according to the causes of complications,in order to prevent the complications,reduce the disability rate and fatality rate,and improve the prognosis of patients.%目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤患者常见并发症的发生原因及护理措施.方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2016年7月周口市中医院收治的64例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,分析并发症产生的原因,并提出其有效的护理措施.结果 64例患者中,在重症监护室治疗4～10d病情稳定后转入普通病房51例,死亡13例,病死率为20.3％(13/64).64例患者中,并发颅内高压3例,肺部感染4例,上消化道出血2例,泌尿系感染4例,下肢深静脉血栓形成2例,暴露性角膜炎1例,褥疮1例,并发症发生率为26.5％ (17/64).结论 重型颅脑损伤患者并发症发生率较高,应针对并发症发生的原因,采取积极有效的护理措施,以预防并发症的发生,降低致残率和病死率,改善患者的预后.