新疆杏品种杂交种子成苗特性研究

摘要

以9个新疆杏品种为试材，设置不同品种间72个人工授粉杂交组合，测定杂交种子的发芽率、发芽势、出苗率、成苗率及出苗160 d后植株高度.72个杂交组合中，有69个组合获得种子，且获得10粒以上种子的组合低温层积后有37．5％萌发，有23个组合田间播种后，出苗率和成苗率较高，植株的生长旺，生长量大.其中，树上干×轮台白杏的发芽率、出苗率和成苗率达到100％；以库曼提和旦杏为亲本的杂交组合植株长势较好，生长至160 d的株高大于86．0 cm.在72个组合中，仅少数组合，田间播种后，出苗率和成苗率较低，植株生长弱，生长量小，其中库曼提×轮台白杏等12个杂交组合的发芽率不足35％，出苗率和成苗率也较低；库曼提×轮台白杏生长至160 d的高度仅为47．0 cm.不同杂交苗生长有一定差异，但总体生长较集中.72个人工杂交组合在新疆干旱少雨的气候条件下杂交能获得具有高活力的种子，播种后的出苗率和成苗率均较高，杂交幼苗生长均匀，生长旺盛，易获得人工杂交后代.%Nine apricot varieties in Xinjiang were used as test materials and the 72 artificial pollunation cross combinations were designed to determine the germination percentage,germination energy,seedling e‐mergence rate and seedling rate and growth of plunt height after 160 d.There were 69 combinations with seeds and 37.5% germiination in 72 hybrid combinations,and 37.5% germiination and more than 10 seed grains combination after stratified,23 combinations have higher seedling emergence rate and seedling rates after the field sowing,the plants growth quantity was large and prosperous.The germination rate,seedling emergence rate and seedling rate were 100%;The growth vigor of‘Kumanti’and‘Danxing’for the parent of hybrid combination was stronger and the plant height were higher than 86.0cm after growth 160 days. Only a handful of combination has lower seedling emergence rate and seedling rates after the field sowing in 72 combinations,the plants growth increment was small and weaker.in which the germination rate were less than 3 5% and seedling emergence rate and seedling rate were also lower;The growth vigor of the fe‐male parent ‘Kumanti’with the male parent ‘Luntaibaixing’was weaker and the plant height was only 47.0 cm after growth 160 days.Growth status of seedlings among different hybrid combinations were dif‐ferent,but overall growth relatively concentrated.In the arid and rainless climate conditions in Xinjiang higher energy seeds can be obtained in 72 combinations,and that of the higher seedling emergence rate and seedling rates can be obtained after the field sowing,the cross plants growth were uniform and prosperous, hybrid progenies was easily obtained.