自然运行下乡村太阳能建筑热工参数对室内空气温度的影响

摘要

Northwest China has abundant solar energy,which,however,is utilized inefficiently in the traditional rural building.Combination of investigation and thermal balance analysis is imple-mented in the paper based on the climate characteristics and rural building model in Zhongwei, Ningxia,to reveal the influence of the construction parameters on the indoor temperature.The survey results indicate that the south window-wall ration and heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall have prominent effect on the indoor temperature,whilst the construction and thermal param-eter of exterior window have slight effect.There is an upward trend with the south window-wall radio from 0.30 to 0.55,the average indoor temperature during heating period and the coldest month would rise by 35.9% and 153.3%.The average indoor temperature during heat period reached 10.2℃,when SI-3 sandwich insulation wall was applied and south window-wall ratio was 0.50.The results obtained from this study could provide theoretical reference for the improvement of in-door thermal environment and envelope optimization in the rural area in northwest of China.%我国西北地区太阳能资源丰富,但传统乡村建筑的太阳能热利用效率并不理想.以宁夏中卫地区的气候特征和乡村建筑模型为例,采用调研测试与建筑热平衡分析相结合的方法,揭示了自然运行条件下乡村太阳能建筑的构造参数对冬季室内空气温度的影响规律.结果表明,建筑的南向窗墙面积比、外墙传热系数对冬季室内温度影响显著,而外窗的构造及热工参数影响较小.南向窗墙面积比由0.30增大至0.55时,采暖期室内平均温度可提高35.9%,最冷月室内平均温度可提高153.3%.南向窗墙面积比为0.5时,采用SI-3型夹芯保温构造墙体,自然运行条件下,采暖期平均室内温度可达10.2℃,1月份室内平均温度可达5.2℃.研究结果可为西北乡村太阳能采暖建筑构造优化及室内热环境改善提供理论参考.