Opencast coal-mining results in extensive soil damage. Several changes occur in physical, chemical and biological disturbances of soils that makes the degraded soil productive. This paper reviews destruction of soil ecology due to opencast mining of coal resources, and discusses the post-mining reclamation efforts on rebuilding soil structure, managing of soil fertility, recharging soil microbes. In combination with the soil ecological restoration for the abandoned land in Pingshuo coal mining area, the paper describes the management of making soil ecological recovery. We expect to provide some useful information for conducting similar research in China.%露天煤矿开采引起土壤理化性质、肥力状况和生物学特性的破坏,生态系统的剧烈扰动造成了土壤的生态功能退化和生产性能下降.文中在介绍露天采煤引致的土壤生态退化因素的基础上,阐述了煤矿废弃地复垦与生态重建中的土壤重构、肥力管理及微生物区系的调控等技术等相关领域所取得的主要研究进展.最后以平朔露天矿为例进行了土壤生态恢复的案例分析,以期为我国露天煤矿废弃地的复垦与生态重建提供参考.
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