虹霓现象的物理本质研究

摘要

The rainbow is a common natural phenomenon after the rain.Understanding the physical nature of the rainbow can help to deepen our scientific knowledge of natural phenomena.This article gives a brief introduction to dispersion and explains the causes of the scene as described in the poetic lines ＂a setting sun after the rain,a dancing rainbow in the sky＂.It addresses the issues concerning the history of human knowledge of rainbow,the simple physical nature of rainbow,geometrical inference and the polarization state of the rainbow.Adopting the method of combining number with geometrical figure,we explain the physical mechanism of the visible features of rainbow and its physical nature.%虹霓是我们在雨后经常见到的自然现象,了解虹霓的物理本质可以加深对自然现象的科学认识.首先简单介绍了色散的有关知识,然后从虹霓现象的认识历史、简单物理本质、几何原理的推论以及偏振状态等方面解释了＂雨后复斜阳,彩虹舞当空＂的成因.并通过数形结合的方法,初步阐明了虹霓可以观测的基本外显特点的物理机制以及其简单的物理本质.