This paper describes the research results and development of fair off-line e-cash systems so far, and points out that in these systems, the bank can compute the double-spender’s account secret key, thus the bank can impersonate the double-spender to withdraw from the double-spender’s account. This article utilizes anonymity control and group signature to address this shortcoming.
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机译:两岸四地累犯制度比较研究——兼论中国内地累犯制度一体化之构想 =Comparative Study on Recidivism System in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and China: Concurrently Discuss the Conception of Recidivism System Integration in Mainland China