Studies of the Ionospheric Horizontal Gradient and Its Influence on Propagating Wave Vector

摘要

The ionosphere is a three dimensional inhomogeneous and time-variational medium, therefore the ray path is not in the great circle determined by the wave vector and the earth center, but have a deviation. Under some approximations, starting from Maxwell equation, the two special case of the original wave vector in the equator plane and in the meridian plane are studied. Finally in general case, through coordinates system transformation, the trajectory’s lateral deviation is solved.