氢腐蚀分层对换热器筒体承载能力的影响

摘要

To explore the influence of hydrogen corrosion delaminating crack on the mechanical properties and bearing capacity in operation of the layered heat exchanger shell, the material capability of layered heat exchanger shell was analyzed by using chemical constituents analysis, hardness test, tensile tests, Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test. The finite element method was used to calculate the stress distribution of heat exchanger shell and to discuss the stress intensity factors of crack tip. The results show that the Mn element is lower in the chemical constituents, other elements accord with the National Standards; the material hardness meets the requirements, but the toughness declines obviously. The material of heat layered exchanger shell is deteriorated by the hydrogen corrosion, which destroys the continuity and uniformity of the material, decreases the ultimate strength, but increases the yield-strength ratio. The film stress state is destroyed, and material resistance to crack growth decreases. The hydrogen corrosion delaminating crack causes biggish partial stress and makes bearing capacity of the heat exchanger shell decrease.%为了解换热器筒体发生氢腐蚀分层后,其简体局部材料的性能发生的变化及对换热器运行中的承载能力带来的影响,采用化学成分分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验、夏比V口冲击韧性试验等方法对换热器筒体材料的性能进行了分析；运用有限元分析方法计算了简体分层处的应力分布,并探讨了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化情况.研究结果表明:材料化学成分中除Mn元素的含量偏低外,其它元素含量符合国家标准；材料的硬度符合要求,材料的强度极限降低,屈强比上升,韧性明显降低.氢腐蚀分层使换热器筒体材料局部劣化,破坏了材料的均匀性和连续性,破坏了简体的薄膜应力状态,产生了较大的局部应力,使换热器筒体承载能力下降.