向家坝水电站日调节非恒定流的传播特征研究

摘要

Dispatching operation of Xiangjiaba Hydro⁃power Station changes flowing conditions of natural riv⁃er, and has an unsteady flow wave impact on maintenance of channel, the safe navigation of the ship and the normal operation of port, wharf. This research uses physical model of large scale to test the water level and velocity of long river downstream in real time measurement caused by power station daily regulation of constant current, and summa⁃rizes the propagation characteristics of water level and velocity of long river downstream caused by unsteady flow of Xiangjiaba power station, which lays the foundation to further research on the influence of unsteady flow which caused by daily regulation of Xiangjiaba Hydro⁃power Station on navigation of ships.%水电站的调度运行改变了天然河道的水流条件，日调节引起的非恒定流导致坝下游河道的水位陡涨陡落、流速时大时小、流态时好时坏，对下游的航道维护、船舶的安全航行及港口、码头的正常作业等产生不利的影响。文章以向家坝水电站为例，按照其典型调度运行方式，建立几何比尺为1：100的物理模型，根据向家坝电站日调节试验在坝下游长河段所引起的的水位及流速等数据，总结出向家坝水电站日调节非恒定流的水位及流速在不同河段的传播特征，为研究电站日调节非恒定流对坝址下游长河段航道条件的影响提供理论依据。