铁路桥梁摇轴支座铰轴横向移位病害处理

摘要

Hinged rocker bearings are usually used on railway bridges with a span of 20m ~32m.In recent years, hazards appear in some of such bearings used.They cause bearings'axial endplay or channeling,parts of bearings damage under the action of transversal forces,and safety potential problems are buried to the operation of railway bridges,so these bearings need to be repaired.Here,numerical calculations and tests were conducted for the diseased bearings.It was shown that through vehicle-bridge coupled vibration analysis,the maximum transverse force of the bearing is 160kN and through the finite element simulation,bearings'axial endplay needs a transverse force of 139kN and through on-site testing,bearings'axial reset needs a transverse force of 190kN-210kN;all these data explain the cause of hazards occurring and the possibility of bearings'axial reset.According to the results of calculation and tests,a simple,easy to use axial endplay automatic reset equipment was developed to avoid hazards,and the equipment could be installed when trains running on railways.%铰接摇轴支座多用于跨度在20～32 m 的铁路桥梁，近年发现一些支座在使用过程中出现病害，主要表现为活动支座的铰轴横向移位，并由此导致部分支座的部件在铰轴的横向顶推挤压下发生破坏而失去约束功能，为铁路桥梁的运营埋下安全隐患，需要对病害支座进行复位。对病害支座进行了数值计算和试验研究，通过车桥耦合计算得到横向力最大为160 kN，通过支座仿真计算，发生横向移位需要139 kN 的横向作用力，现场实测铰轴复位需要190~210 kN的水平力，既解释了病害发生的原因，也说明了铰轴复位的可能性。根据计算和试验结果开发了一套简单易行的铰轴大刚度横向自动复位装置，可根治铰轴横向移位病害，并且该装置在列车运营时即可安装，对铁路运营无影响。