燕麦属系统学研究进展

摘要

Advances in taxonomy, systematics, and polyploid origins of Avena L. (Pooideae, Poaceae) were reviewed. The key issues in systematics studies of Avena included: the debate on phylogenetic position of Avena in the Avena group;the absence of conclusive evidence for the circumscription of Avena, especially for A. macrostachya Bal. ex Cass. & Dur.; the unresolved phylogenetic relationships of major lineages in Avena;the considerable controversy about the genomic origins of hexaploid cultivated oats (i.e., A. nuda L. and A. sativa L.);and the paucity of accurate estimation of divergence time of Avena. The controversies on the genomic origins of hexaploid cultivated oats are rooted in the absence of accurate understanding for the divergence of A, C, and D genomes. The comprehensive investigation of molecular phylogeny, cytogenetics, palaeogeology, and palaeoclimatology may provide compelling evidence for the polyploid origins and the divergence histories of Avena, and it is signiifcance for deeply utilizing the core germplasm resources of wild relatives of cereal crops.%对燕麦属(Avena L.)分类学、系统学、多倍体起源3个方面的研究进展进行了综述。燕麦属系统学研究存在的关键问题有：燕麦属的系统位置存在争议；燕麦属的范畴即大穗燕麦转隶归属问题缺少确证；燕麦属的系统发育关系尚未解决；六倍体栽培燕麦基因组起源备受争议；燕麦属分化时间尚未估测。六倍体栽培燕麦基因组起源争议的根源在于对A、C、D基因组间分化程度缺乏精准认识。总的来说，分子系统学、细胞遗传学、古地质学、古气候学的整合研究将为燕麦属多倍体起源和分化提供令人信服的新证据，对于深度利用谷类作物野生近缘种核心种质资源具有重要科学意义。