目的：报告并分析2015年安徽省血吸虫病疫情状况与近年的变化趋势。方法对2004年以来的全省血吸虫病疫情资料进行统计与分析。结果截至2015年底，全省共有9个市、51个县（市、区）流行血吸虫病，其中23个达到传播阻断标准，28个达到传播控制标准。2015年，全省共血检176.5万人，发现阳性24537人，粪检24.4万人，发现粪检阳性10人；共报告晚期血吸虫病5684例，未发现本地感染的急感病例，推算病人数为8904人。流行区牛存栏35542头，共检查牛17408头，发现粪检阳性11头，耕牛平均血吸虫感染率为0.07%。全省现有钉螺面积27144hm2，其中复现钉螺面积39.17hm2，未发现感染性钉螺。2004年以来，全省人感染率、牛感染率、急感病人发病率和感染性钉螺分布均呈现明显的下降趋势，较2004年分别下降了84.3%、97.0%、100%和100%，有螺面积则在2.71亿m2与3.10亿m2间徘徊波动。结论全省血吸虫病疫情进一步下降，但局部地区仍然存在血吸虫病传播风险，为达到血吸虫病传播阻断乃至消除血吸虫病的目标，仍需要加大防治及监测工作的力度。%Objective To analyze the endemic status of schistosomiasis in 2015 and epidemiological trend of schistosomiasis in recent years in Anhui Province. Methods The data on schistosomiasis prevalence were collected and analyzed in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2015. Results By the end of 2015, schistosomia⁃sis was reported in 9 cities, including 51 counties and districts. However, 23 counties/districts reached the crite⁃ria of transmission interruption, and 28 the criteria of transmission control. In 2015, 1.765 million population were subjected to blood screen and 0.024 million to stool sample screen, which revealed positive results in 24 537 and 10 individuals, respectively. A total of 5 684 advanced schistosomiasis cases were reported, yet there was no local cases of acute infection. The estimated cases were 8904. A total of 17 408 cattle were screened in 35 542 cattle being raised in the endemic areas, only 11 were found with eggs of Schistosomiasis japonicum, and the average infection was 0.07% in cattle. The areas infested with Oncomelania hupensis were 27144 hm2, in which 39.17 hm2 were associated with resurgence. No infected snails were found in 2015. The infection rate in humans and cattle, incidence rate of acute schistosomiasis and areas with infected snails tended to decline since 2004, with a decrease of 84.3%, 97.0%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The areas with snail distribution were fluctuated between 0.271 billion m2 and 0.310 billion m2. Conclusion The schistosomiasis transmission appears to decline in Anhui Province in 2015, yet the transmission risks still exist in some areas. Strengthened preven⁃tion and surveillance is essential for following goal in schistosomiasis transmission interruption or even elimina⁃tion of the schistosomiasis in Anhui areas.
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