在对具有区间性质的铁路应急需求点分析的基础上,针对铁路应急服务设施备选点未知且需建数目给定的选址问题,对传统单阶段选址模型进行改进,提出了综合考虑应急服务公平性及响应时效性的双阶段组合选址模型,并结合实例,验证了模型及算法的有效性.针对备选点未知且需建数目给定情况下的铁路应急服务设施双阶段组合选址问题所得的选址方案,应急服务半径降低了21.7%,应急服务水平差异性减少了35.8%,提高了整个系统的应急服务水平.本文提出的双阶段组合选址模型既适用于局部范围的应急服务设施选址也适用于全国范围的铁路应急服务设施选址,适用于备选点未知且给定建设数目的应急设施选址也适用于存在多个备选方案多目标布局优化的应急设施选址问题.%Based on the analyses of the emergency demand point with interval characteristics, the traditional one-stage location model is improved and a two-stage model considering both the emergency service fairness and response time is proposed for the location problem of railway emergency service facility under the situation when the candidate points are unknown and the number of facility needs to be built. The validity of the model and algorithm is verified by case study. For the candidate points are unknown and facility number is known, the emergency service radius is reduced by 21.7%, and the difference of emergency service level is decreased by 35.8%, which improved the emergency service level of the whole system. The two-stage combined location model proposed in this paper is not only applicable to the location problems of railway emergency service facility of local area, but also suitable for those of nationwide. In the meantime, the model is also suitable for the location problems with unknown candidate points and given construction location numbers, as well as the multi-objective optimization ones with multiple alternatives.
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