Genetic factors associated with non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

摘要

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzhei-mer's disease. It is a complex syndrome with heteroge-neous aetiologies, pathogenesis and manifestations. Pa-tients with PD may present with motor symptoms and various non-motor symptoms (NMSs). NMSs have been reported in almost every diagnosed case of PD and usu-ally precede motor symptoms. Multiple factors have been proved to be associated with the occurrence of NMSs in PD, among which genetic differentiation is a featured one. With the development of sequencing techniques, an increasing number of NMS-related genetic factors have been identified. This article reviews some of the latest dis-coveries in this regard.