不同要素密集型制造业的生产效率比较分析——以江苏为例

摘要

以江苏省全部国有及规模以上制造业30个行业为研究对象,运用DEA分析法测算了劳动、资本和技术密集型制造业的全要素生产率、技术进步指数和技术效率指数,并对三类不同类型制造业生产效率进行了比较分析。结论认为,劳动密集型制造业全要素生产率在提升,其提升的主要推动力还是技术效率的提高和技术进步的改善;由于技术退步的影响,资本密集型制造业全要素生产率处于下降趋势,与之相反的是,技术密集型制造业全要素生产率的提升正是由于技术进步的作用;在不同的时间段上,各要素密集型制造业各项指标也存在较大差异。作为制造业大省,江苏需加快行业技术进步,提高技术效率和规模效率,以促进制造业行业全要素生产率的提高。%This paper focuses its study on 30 state-owned manufacturing industries on a certain scale of Jiangsu Province,estimates the total factor productivity（TFP） index,technical progress index and technical efficiency index with Malmquist-DEA model,and makes a comparative study of the efficiency of three manufacturing industries.The main results are as follows： the TFP of labor-intensive manufacturing industry is increasing because of the improvement of technical efficiency and technical progress;the TFP of capital-intensive manufacturing industry is decreasing as a result of technical regress;the TFP of technology-intensive manufacturing industry is improving due to technical progress;and at different periods,the indicators of three manufacturing industries are quite different.As a manufacturing province,Jiangsu needs to accelerate technical progress,improve technical efficiency and scale efficiency,and promote the improvement of TFP of manufacturing industry.