3-nitroalizarin was prepared with bio-alizarin of hydroxyl anthraquinone structure as precursor under different nitration conditions, and the resultant nitrated product was characterized by FT-IR, HPLC-MS and 'H NMR. The nitrated alizarin was then used to dye superfine polyester fabrics. The levelness, soaping fastness, and color fastness to rubbing of the dyed samples were tested and compared with those of non-nitrated alizarin dyed samples. The results showed that the modified alizarin, I. E. 3-nitroalizarin, can be obtained by reacting alizarin with concentrated nitric acid in glacial acetic acid at 40 ℃ for 8 h. The average purity of the product is 97%. When dyeing with non-nitrated alizarin, for obtaining good results, additives such as dispersing and penetrating agents have to be added to the dye-bath , however no auxiliary needs to be added when dyeing with nitrated alizarin and the levelness and color fastness to wet rubbing of its dyed fabric exhibit half rating higher than those of samples dyes with non-nitrated alizarin, thus reducing dyeing cost and wastewater pollution.%以具有羟基蒽醌结构的生物质茜素为母体,在不同硝化条件下制取3-硝基茜素,通过FT-IR、HPLC-MS及1H NMR等分析测试手段对硝化产物进行表征.将硝化后的茜素用于超细涤纶织物染色,测定染色样品的匀染性、耐皂洗色牢度与耐摩擦色牢度,并与未硝化茜素的染色样品相关性能进行对比.结果表明:茜素在40℃与冰乙酸、浓硝酸反应8h制得的3-硝基茜素纯度可高达97％;未硝化茜素上染涤纶时需添加分散剂和渗透剂等助剂才可获得更为优异的染色性能,硝化茜素则无需助剂即可使毛沾、湿摩牢度及匀染性各提高半级,降低染色成本的同时又减少了染色废水的污染程度.
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