From a functional perspective, the innovation of the virtual currency is to combine payment function with investment function. As one of the most popular virtual currencies, Bitcoin has more abundant statistics. Therefore, Bitcoin is taken as an example to analyze the functions and risk of virtual currency. Trading platform , trading volume and trading price are chosen to reflect the investing function. At the same time, the businesses with Bitcoins and Bitcoins ATMs are chosen to reflect payment function of virtual currency. However, both two functions contain risk, such as investment risk, laundering risk, credit risk, etc. The future of virtual currency largely depends on the attitude of government, and the regulation of virtual currency is emergency. There are four reasons fro the emergency. First is establishing restriction of market admittance to ensure enough competition; second is implementing required reserve system to restrain the abuse of issuing virtual currency; third is levying transaction tax to lower investment risk; fourth is continuing enhancing market transparency to reduce asymmetric information.%从功能角度看, 虚拟货币的创新在于集支付职能与投资职能于一身. 比特币作为关注度最高的虚拟货币, 发展最为突出、 统计数据最为丰富, 因此文章以比特币为例, 分别从交易平台、 交易量和交易价格和接受比特币的商家数量、 ATM数量等方面反映虚拟货币投资职能和支付职能的发展情况. 但是, 虚拟货币的两大职能蕴藏的风险隐患也不容小觑: 投资职能面临平台风险、 洗钱风险和投资风险, 支付职能面临滞留资金使用风险和信用风险. 虚拟货币的发展前景究竟如何? 这不仅与政府的态度密切相关, 同时也需做好虚拟货币的监管工作: 建立适度的市场准入限制, 保障市场竞争充分; 实行准备金制度, 约束虚拟货币滥发行为; 征收交易税, 降低虚拟货币的投资风险; 加强透明度建设, 降低信息不对称.
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