公共安全与核监测

摘要

Four kinds of emergency social security events have been defined based on The People’s Republic of China Law on Response to Emergencies.This paper expounds one of the most challenging threats from the four types terrorism attack means of nuclear and radiation terrorist events which is considered in the range of international public security.According to the above law,the principle "Prevent firstly,Combining prevention with emergency response" is also put forward,which includes the corresponding action spectrum.Nuclear monitoring is the core technology for nuclear and radiation terrorist events prevention and emergency response.This paper has systematically discussed the special nuclear monitoring techniques,including strategy research of nuclear monitoring on nuclear and radiation terrorist events prevention and response.To prevent nuclear and radiation terrorist events,it is necessary to establish a national radiation monitoring network(system) to detect,alarm,locate and distinguish for the nuclear material and other radioactive substances and IND,RDD,RED.The radiation monitoring special requirements and the corresponding technology are described on nuclear and radiation terrorist events in the management of the consequences of emergency response.%针对＂中华人民共和国突发事件应对法＂界定的四类突发事件中社会安全事件,从核和辐射恐怖突发事件公共安全角度阐述了核和辐射恐怖主义四类袭击手段的潜在威胁是在国际范围内对公共安全最具挑战性的威胁之一。按照＂应对法＂提出了＂预防为主,预防与应急响应相结合＂原则以及相应的行动谱。核和辐射恐怖突发事件的防范与应急响应的核心技术是核监测。全面系统地论述了核监测技术,包括：开展核和辐射恐怖事件防范与响应的核监测战略研究;为防范核和辐射恐怖事件,对核材料与其他放射性物质以及IND,RDD,RED的探测、报警、定位与识别,建立全国性辐射监测网（体系）;核和辐射恐怖事件发生后果管理中应急响应的辐射监测特殊要求与相应技术。