降解秸秆微生物及秸秆腐熟剂的研究进展

摘要

Straw is a field by-product of agricultural products after harvest. The main chemical components are cellu-lose, hemicellulose and lignin. Straw-decomposing inoculant is a group of complex bacteria that can degrade macromolecu-lar substances in straw into simple compounds available for plants, and provide carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for soil, so that straw can be returned to field. In this paper, the microbial species of degraded straw were summarized, and microbial mechanism , interaction of microbial flora and application effects of straw-decomposing inoculant were reviewed. The efficiency of the bacteria was not high, the flora dynamics were not clear, enzyme degradation mechanism was not sound, the use of straw decomposer was not clear and the maturity index was not specific, etc. Based on these issues, the authors put forward in situ screening bacteria, in-depth study of the interaction mechanism of combination of bacteria and enzyme degradation mechanism to carry out the specific use of decomposing agent research and to establish a complete set of specific criteria. With these efforts, reference could be provided for straw-decomposing inoculant breeding in the future.%秸秆是农业成品收获后剩余的田间闲置副产物,其主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素.秸秆腐熟剂是一群能将秸秆大分子物质降解为植物可利用简单化合物的复杂菌群,为土壤提供碳、氮、磷、钾等元素,使秸秆得以还田.文章对降解秸秆的微生物种类进行总结,并对微生物酶学机理、微生物菌群的相互作用及秸秆腐熟剂的应用效果等研究概况进行综述,针对腐熟剂菌种效率低、菌群动态不清楚、酶降解机制不完善、秸秆腐熟剂使用方式不明确及腐熟指标不具体等问题,提出原位筛选菌种、深入研究组合菌种相互作用机制与酶降解机制、开展腐熟剂具体使用方法的研究及确立完整具体的评判标准,为今后有关秸秆腐熟剂菌种的选育工作提供参照和借鉴.