接种AM真菌对采煤沉陷地复垦植物光合作用和抗逆性的影响

摘要

[目的]研究接种AM真菌对采煤沉陷地复垦植物生长特性、光合作用和抗逆性的影响,为矿区生态恢复提供理论依据.[方法]在内蒙古神东矿区采煤沉陷地种植野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏4种复垦植物,设接种AM真菌和不接种对照(CK)两种处理,测定接种AM真菌对复垦植物株高、地径、菌根侵染率、根系活力、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、相对水含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率和过氧化氢酶活性的影响,并分析其相互关系.[结果]与CK相比,接种AM真菌后野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏的根系与AM真菌形成典型的菌根结构,侵染率为65.42%~76.22%,显著高于各自对应的CK(P<0.05,下同);根系活力分别高17.3%、23.0%、32.5%和28.7%;Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、叶片相对水含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高,进而提高了复垦植物抵抗干旱和高温的能力.相关分析结果表明,根系侵染率与根系活力、Pn、Gs、Tr、相对水含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及过氧化氢酶活性呈显著正相关,与相对电导率和Ci呈显著负相关.[结论]接种AM真菌对神东矿区采煤沉陷地复垦植物恢复具有促进作用,AM真菌菌剂可在与神东矿区生态环境相似的采矿沉陷地生态恢复中推广应用.%[Objective]The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth, photosynthesis and stress resistance of reclamation plants in coal mining subsidence areas, and provide some theo-retical references and suggestions for ecological restoring of mining areas. [Method]Four reclamation plant species including Prunus discadenia, P. dictyneura, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Armeniaca sibirica were planted in Shendong coal mining subsidence area in Inner Mongolia. For each plant, inoculation with A. mycorrhizal fungus and no inoculation control(CK) treatments were set. Effects of A. mycorrhizal fungus on plant height, ground diameter, mycorrhiza colonization rate, root activity, net photosynthesis rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr), relative water content, soluble sugar content, proline content, relative electric conductivity and catalase activity were de-tected, and the relations among them were analyzed. [Result]Compared with CK, P. discadenia, P. dictyneura, X. sorbifo-lia and A. sibirica formed typical mycorrhizal structure with A. mycorrhizal fungus after inoculation. The mycorrhizal colo-nization rates were 65.42%-76.22%, significantly higher than the corresponding CK(P<0.05, the same below). Root activity increased by 17.3%(P. discadenia), 23.0%(P. dictyneura), 32.5%(X. sorbifolia) and 28.7%(A. sibirica). In treat-ment groups, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci, relative water content, soluble sugar content, proline content and catalase activity significant-ly increased, which promoted resistance to drought and high temperature of reclamation plants. Correlation analysis demon-strated that mycorrhiza colonization rate was significantly positively correlated with root activity , Pn, Gs, Tr, relative water content, soluble sugar, proline and catalase activity, whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with relative electric conductivity and Ci. [Conclusion]A. mycorrhizal fungus inoculation is beneficial for reclamation plants in Shendong coal mining subsidence area. Therefore, A. mycorrhizal fungus can be promoted in coal mining subsidence areas with similar conditions as Shendong coal mining area.