安哥拉内战与美中关系--基于美国“联华援安”战略始末的考察

摘要

Since the spring of 1974,the national liberation progress of Angola sped up.The civil war originated from the ethnic conflicts broke out in August 1975.However,the regional civil war deteriorated into a component of the global Cold War which involved the giant powers of that time,such as the United States,the Soviet Union and China.Since 1974,the assistance from China to FNLA accelerated in order to counterbalance MPLA which was assisted by the Soviet U-nion.At the same time,US began to support FNLA in a secret and restricted way.Then White House proposed a strategic conception that US could unite with China to give conjunct assistance to FNLA.So Washington raised the proposal to Beijing for many times through China’s officials in New York and the meetings between top leaders.But due to the transformation of China’s for-eign policy,Beijing rejected the proposal of offering conjunct assistance to FNLA and stopped to aid FNLA since the end of 1975.Although the proposal was aborted,China and US achieved strategic cooperation on the follow-up issues of Angola.The civil war of Angola strengthened the political mutual trust and strategic consensus between China and US.It also promoted evolution of Sino-US relations.%1974年春，安哥拉民族解放运动提速，源自族群纷争的安哥拉内战于次年爆发，并升级为美、苏、中等大国牵涉其中的全球冷战的组成部分。自1974年初，中国对“安哥拉民族解放阵线”(简称“安解阵”)的军援提速，以制衡苏联扶助的“安哥拉人民解放运动”；美国也开启秘密援助“安解阵”，但规模有限、成效一般，白宫因此通过纽约渠道及高层访华向中方多次提出“联华援安”建议。鉴于对外战略转轨，中国政府并未迎合该建议，并于1975年底结束援助“安解阵”。美国“联华援安”虽流产，但美中就后续涉安问题仍保持配合。安哥拉危机体现出内战国际化与冷战本土化的特点。就此议题的美中坦诚互动与美方所凸显的联华渴求，客观上增强了美中双边的政治互信与战略共识，在以有限合作为准绳的美中抗苏伙伴关系形成进程中起到了特殊作用。