不同土壤肥力下减氮施肥对垦粳5号品质的影响

摘要

Objective]In order to explore the effects of different soil fertility under the condition of reducing fertilizer nitrogen on quality of Kenjing 5.[Method]In present two-factor randomized block design was used to study the effects on reducing fertilizer nitrogen in rice(Kenjing 5)with different soil fertilizer(A1 ,A2 ,A3).[Results]Result indicated that reducing nitrogen fertilizer application can effectively improve grain processing quality with the increase of soil fertility. Under 174.0 kg/hm2 N of high soil fertility,195.8 kg/hm2 N of middle soil fertility and 217.5 kg/hm2 N of low soil fertility condition,brown rice,milled rice rate and head rice rate had good quality;Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application appropriately could reduce chalkiness degree and percentage of chalky rice in low and middle soil fertility. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application could decrease percentage of chalky rice and chalkiness degree in high soil fertility. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer in different soil fertility may increase amylose slightly and decrease protein content significantly,which could help to increase of the comprehensive evaluation of taste.[Conclusion]For Kenjing 5,there was significant difference in soil fertility and N application among appearance,nutritional quality and comprehensive evaluation of taste and their interations. Decreasing nitrogen application in high soil fertility and increasing nitrogen application low soil fertility was advantageous to improve processing and appearance quality of rice. Decreasing nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to improve taste value in different soil fertility.%【目的】明确不同土壤肥力下减氮施肥对垦粳5号品质的影响。【方法】采用二因素完全随机设计，进行3个土壤肥力水平下减氮量的试验研究。【结果】随着土壤肥力升高，减少氮肥投入，有利于加工品质的改善。本试验条件下，高等土壤肥力氮肥投入为174.0 kg/hm2（减氮20%）、中等肥力为195.8 kg/hm2（减氮10%）、低等肥力为217.5 kg/hm2（正常施氮）的糙米率精米率整精米率较好；在中低土壤肥力下适当的增施氮肥可以降低垩白度与垩白粒率；高肥力土壤减氮施肥利于降低垩白粒率和垩白度；不同肥力土壤下减少氮肥，直链淀粉略有增加，蛋白质含量降低明显，从而利于食味评分的提高。【结论】垦粳5号的加工外观营养品质和米饭食味品质在土壤肥力和施氮量间有差异且存在互作效应。高肥力土壤减少氮肥投入、低肥力土壤适量增加氮肥投入有利于稻米加工品质和外观品质的改善。在不同肥力土壤下减少氮肥投入对食味评分均有提高作用。不同土壤肥力下适量的施用氮肥才能得到品质优良的稻米。